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Custom RNA Synthesis & RNA Oligonucleotide Production

Custom RNA synthesis for RNA oligonucleotides, siRNA, mRNA, and guide RNA with flexible scale, chemical modifications, purification, and QC. Designed for research, diagnostics, and large-scale RNA production.

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Custom RNA Synthesis — Overview & Key Capabilities

Custom RNA synthesis is the production of sequence-defined RNA oligonucleotides with configurable chemical modifications, purification, and quality control for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. It enables precise control of RNA sequence, chemistry, purity, and scale for applications including RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR gene editing, diagnostics, and therapeutic development.

Bio-Synthesis provides custom RNA production and RNA oligonucleotide synthesis with flexible control over sequence, chemical modification, purification, conjugation, and QC to support a wide range of research, diagnostic, and development workflows.

With U.S.-based manufacturing facilities in Texas, projects are supported across RNA, DNA, peptide, and bioconjugation workflows. ISO-certified processes and scalable production enable consistent, high-quality synthesis from early-stage research through advanced development.

Key Capabilities

  • Custom RNA, siRNA, and guide RNA synthesis
  • Advanced modifications (2′-OMe, 2′-F, LNA/BNA, PS)
  • Flexible purification (HPLC, dual HPLC, PAGE)
  • Analytical QC and full traceability (LC-MS, HPLC, OD260, CoA)
  • RNase-controlled synthesis workflow
  • Scalable production from μg → multi-gram
  • Support from early research through development programs
RNA TYPES

RNA / siRNA / gRNA

Flexible formats

MODIFICATIONS

Advanced

2′-OMe, 2′-F, LNA

PURITY

HPLC / PAGE

High-quality output

QC

LC-MS + CoA

Full traceability

ISO 9001:2015 / ISO13485:2016 45+ Years of Expertise U.S.A. Facilities-Texas GLP/GMP-Aligned Custom RNA oligos Modified RNA siRNA / gRNA / mRNA synthesis RNase-controlled workflow HPLC / LC-MS QC

Overview Summary

Custom RNA synthesis produces sequence-specific RNA oligonucleotides with defined modifications, purification, and scale. Selection of RNA format, chemistry, and QC strategy directly impacts performance in RNAi, CRISPR, diagnostics, and therapeutic workflows.

RNA Format & Design Options

Configure RNA synthesis by molecule type, length, modification pattern, purification, QC, and application requirements.

RNA type Common use Configuration options
Single-stranded RNA RNA structure, binding studies, assay development, functional studies Custom length, modified bases, labels, HPLC or PAGE purification
siRNA / duplex RNA RNA interference and gene silencing Guide/passenger strands, 2′ modifications, PS linkages, conjugates, duplex delivery
Guide RNA (gRNA) CRISPR editing and screening workflows sgRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA, chemical stabilization, HPLC purification
Modified RNA Improved stability, binding, tracking, delivery, or in vivo performance 2′-OMe, 2′-F, LNA/BNA, 5′ phosphate, labels, reactive handles
mRNA-related constructs Protein expression, vaccine research, therapeutic RNA studies Project-dependent length, cap/tail considerations, purity, QC, and formulation needs
RNA probes and labeled RNA Detection, imaging, localization, hybridization, assay readout Fluorophores, biotin, affinity tags, spacers, linkers, and custom labels

RNA Types — Key Differences

RNA Type Primary Use Key Difference
siRNA Gene silencing Short duplex RNA for RNAi pathways
gRNA CRISPR editing Guides Cas enzymes to target DNA
mRNA Protein expression Encodes protein sequences
Modified RNA Stability / in vivo Chemically altered for performance

Custom RNA Synthesis Workflow

Custom RNA synthesis typically follows a controlled workflow from sequence review through synthesis, purification, analytical QC, and final delivery. For modified or large-scale RNA, feasibility review helps align chemistry, purification, and testing before production begins.

Custom RNA synthesis workflow from design to delivery

From sequence design and synthesis to purification, QC, and delivery — a streamlined end-to-end RNA workflow.

How to Choose RNA Configuration

RNA configuration depends on sequence length, application, stability requirements, and delivery method. Modified RNA is often selected for in vivo studies, while unmodified RNA may be sufficient for early-stage research or in vitro assays. Duplex RNA (siRNA) is typically used for gene silencing, while guide RNA is designed for CRISPR workflows.

RNA Base Modifications & Chemistry Options

Bio-Synthesis offers extensive RNA chemical modification capabilities across base, sugar, and backbone chemistries to support a wide range of research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.

Our capabilities are not limited to the examples shown below — a broad and highly customizable range of modification strategies can be designed to meet specific project requirements.

The examples below highlight commonly requested RNA modification approaches used to improve stability, nuclease resistance, binding affinity, delivery efficiency, and overall biological performance.

Customization Flexibility

RNA modification strategies can include complex combinations of sugar, base, backbone, terminal, and conjugation chemistries. Bio-Synthesis supports far more than standard modification sets, including advanced and project-specific configurations beyond those listed. If your design requires non-standard or highly specialized modifications, our team can review feasibility and recommend optimized chemistry strategies.

Modification / Chemistry Purpose Typical Use
2′-O-Methyl (2′-OMe) Improves stability and reduces immune activation siRNA, modified RNA, in vivo applications
2′-Fluoro (2′-F) Enhances nuclease resistance RNAi and stabilized RNA constructs
LNA / BNA Increases binding affinity and specificity probes, antisense, diagnostics
Phosphorothioate (PS) Improves stability and degradation resistance therapeutic RNA and in vivo studies

How to Select RNA Modifications

Selection of RNA modifications depends on application, stability requirements, delivery method, and biological context. For example, 2′-OMe and 2′-F are commonly used for RNAi stability, while LNA/BNA improves binding affinity in probes and diagnostics.

Ordering Note

For accurate pricing, provide RNA sequence, length, desired scale, modification requirements, purification method, QC expectations, and delivery format. If your design is not final, Bio-Synthesis can help review feasibility and configuration options.

Request RNA Quote

RNA Pricing — Unmodified, 2′-Fluoro, 2′-O-Methyl

ssRNA for antisense, ribozymes, aptamers, capture probes, and assay controls. Delivered RNase-free with deprotection/desalting; higher-grade purification on request.

RNA, 2′-Fluoro, 2′-O-Methyl RNA unmodified Oligonucleotides (price per base, USD)*
Product Length 250 nmol scale 1 μmol scale 2 μmol scale 5 μmol scale 10 μmol scale 15 μmol scale
RNA Oligonucleotides 5–60 bases $8.50/base $18.00/base $28.00/base $55.00/base $105.00/base $155.00/base
2′-Fluoro RNA Oligo 5–150 bases $8.50/base $18.00/base $28.00/base $105.00/base $109.00/base $155.00/base
2′-O-Methyl RNA Oligo 5–150 bases $8.00/base $18.00/base $28.00/base $55.00/base $105.00/base $155.00/base
Phosphorothioate Linkages — $5.00/bond $5.00/bond $10.00/bond $25.00/bond $50.00/bond $65.00/bond
Chimeric Linkages — $50.00 $75.00 $110.00 $225.00 $425.00 $610.00
* Minimum charge for 15-mer or 15 phosphorothioate linkages applies.
* For sequence over >150 bases, please contact us or request a quote .
Purity and Yield

RNA Oligo Scale of Synthesis and Typical Yield of Unmodified Oligos*

All ssRNA is produced with RNase-free handling and shipped with UV quantitation. Mixed bases may limit MS analysis. For sequences >40–50 nt or high GC/structure, PAGE or dual purification is recommended.

Scale Crude Desalted HPLC Purified Gel Purified
A260 Units nmols mg A260 Units nmols mg A260 Units nmols mg
200 nmol ~15 ~75 ~0.5 ~3 ~15 ~0.15 ~1 ~5 ~0.04
1 μmol ~40 ~200 ~1.4 ~15 ~75 ~0.6 ~5 ~25 ~0.2
2 μmol ~72 ~360 ~2.52 ~27 ~135 ~1.08 ~9 ~45 ~0.36
5 μmol ~160 ~800 ~5.6 ~60 ~300 ~2.4 ~20 ~100 ~0.8
10 μmol ~320 ~1600 ~11.2 ~120 ~600 ~4.8 ~40 ~200 ~1.6
15 μmol ~480 ~2400 ~16.8 ~180 ~900 ~7.2 ~60 ~300 ~2.4
Purity & Notes Purity: >75% (sequence/structure dependent). HPLC may be recommended for sensitive applications. Purity: 85–95% (sequence/structure dependent; high-GC may lower yield/purity). Purity: 95–98%. Yield drops with length; palindromes/hairpins/high-GC or ≥3 G runs reduce purity/yield.

* Values are typical yield of 20 mer oligo; actual yields vary with sequence, length, modifications, and purification.

* 1) Typical yield stated in the table is for unmodified random sequence oligos. Reduction in yield is observed with high GC content oligos and those forming strong secondary structures.

2) Reduced yield is expected with modified oligos. The reduction percentage varies with modification type and number of sites. Typical reduction is 10%-20% per modified site.

3) Yield of 40µg/A260 unit for RNA oligos is calculated for an ~equimolar base composition. Long stretches of a single base or homopolymers will have variable yields. Example for homopolymeric 50 mer: A(50) = ~20/A260 Unit; G(50) = ~28/A260 Unit; U(50) = ~35/A260 Unit and C(50) = ~39/A260 Unit

Request ssRNA Compare Purification

Large-Scale RNA Synthesis (50 mg to Multi-Gram)

Large-scale RNA synthesis requires controlled process design to maintain yield, purity, and reproducibility as production increases from milligram to multi-gram scale.

Large-scale RNA synthesis process from feasibility to QC release

Scalable RNA synthesis workflow from feasibility assessment to multi-gram production and QC release.

50 mg → Multi-gram
Scalable production RNase-controlled
Process integrity Advanced QC
LC-MS, HPLC, CoA Flexible chemistry
Modified RNA supported

Scale-Up Support

  • Milligram to multi-gram RNA production
  • Feasibility review for length and chemistry
  • Staged scale-up for development projects

Purification & Processing

  • HPLC, dual HPLC, PAGE, or custom purification
  • Buffer exchange and salt-form support on request
  • RNase-controlled handling workflows

QC & Documentation

  • LC-MS / ESI-MS and analytical HPLC
  • OD260 quantitation and CoA
  • Optional RNase, endotoxin, bioburden, or custom testing

What This Means for Your Project

Large-scale RNA production requires more than increasing batch size. Scale-up should align synthesis yield, impurity profile, purification method, QC release criteria, and delivery format with the intended research, diagnostic, or development application.

RNA in Plates for High-Throughput Workflows

Plate-Based RNA Delivery

Custom RNA oligonucleotides can be delivered in plate formats for screening, automation, assay development, and high-throughput workflows. Plate-based delivery helps simplify sample organization, reduce handling time, and support reproducible experimental setup.

  • 96-well and 384-well plate format support
  • Custom plate maps and concentration normalization
  • Barcoding, labeling, and project-specific layouts
  • RNase-controlled processing and handling
  • CoA and lot documentation available on request
RNA in 96-well plate for high-throughput workflows

RNA oligonucleotides delivered in plate format for screening, automation, and high-throughput applications.

RNA Modifications, Labels, and Conjugation Options

Bio-Synthesis supports a broad range of RNA chemical modifications across base, sugar, and backbone chemistries to enable optimized performance in research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.

Capabilities are not limited to the examples shown — modification strategies can be customized extensively based on sequence, application, and performance requirements.

Commonly used RNA modifications are summarized below to illustrate typical approaches for improving stability, nuclease resistance, binding affinity, and biological activity.

Customization Flexibility

RNA modification design can include complex combinations of base, sugar, backbone, terminal, and conjugation chemistries. Configurations can be tailored to support RNAi, CRISPR, diagnostics, in vivo studies, and therapeutic development workflows.

Modification / Chemistry Purpose Typical Use
2′-O-Methyl (2′-OMe) Improves stability and reduces immune activation siRNA, modified RNA, in vivo applications
2′-Fluoro (2′-F) Enhances nuclease resistance RNAi and stabilized RNA constructs
LNA / BNA Increases binding affinity and specificity Probes, antisense, diagnostics
Phosphorothioate (PS) Improves stability and degradation resistance Therapeutic RNA and in vivo studies

How to Select RNA Modifications

Selection of RNA modifications depends on sequence length, application, stability requirements, and delivery method. For example, 2′-OMe and 2′-F are commonly used to enhance stability in RNAi applications, while LNA/BNA improves binding affinity for probes and diagnostic assays. More complex modification patterns may be used for in vivo or therapeutic development.

Ordering Note

For accurate configuration and quoting, provide RNA sequence, length, desired scale, modification requirements, purification method, QC expectations, and intended application. If your design is not finalized, Bio-Synthesis can assist with feasibility review and optimization.

Purification, Quality Control, and Documentation

Purification Options

Purification is selected based on RNA length, chemistry, scale, purity needs, and downstream use.

  • Desalting for early-stage or screening applications
  • Reverse-phase HPLC and ion-exchange HPLC
  • Dual HPLC for higher-purity or complex constructs
  • PAGE purification for selected RNA oligos
  • Buffer exchange or salt-form support on request

Analytical QC

QC packages can be configured for RUO, in vivo, development, or custom documentation needs.

  • LC-MS / ESI-MS mass confirmation
  • Analytical HPLC purity assessment
  • OD260 quantitation
  • Certificate of Analysis and lot traceability
  • Optional RNase, endotoxin, bioburden, residuals, or custom testing

Why QC matters for RNA

RNA is sensitive to degradation and impurity carryover. Purification and QC help confirm identity, purity, concentration, and suitability for the intended workflow, especially for modified RNA, siRNA, gRNA, in vivo studies, and development-scale programs.

Applications of Custom RNA Synthesis

siRNA for Gene Silencing

Custom siRNA is used to knock down gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Sequence design, chemical modification, and purification strategy directly impact silencing efficiency and specificity.

Guide RNA for CRISPR Gene Editing

Guide RNA (gRNA) directs CRISPR-associated nucleases to target DNA sequences. Custom gRNA design and modification can improve editing efficiency and stability in screening and therapeutic workflows.

mRNA for Protein Expression

mRNA constructs are used for protein production, vaccine research, and therapeutic development. RNA design, capping, and purification influence translation efficiency and stability.

Molecular Diagnostics

RNA probes, assay oligos, standards, controls, and labeled RNA constructs for detection workflows.

RNA Structure and Function

Custom RNA oligos for binding studies, folding analysis, ribozyme studies, and functional assays.

Therapeutic Development

Modified RNA, conjugated RNA, large-scale RNA, and expanded QC support for advanced programs.

FAQ

What is custom RNA synthesis?

Custom RNA synthesis is the production of RNA oligonucleotides with defined sequence, chemical modification, purity, and scale for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.

Can custom RNA be synthesized with chemical modifications?

Yes. RNA can be synthesized with a wide range of chemical modifications including 2′-OMe, 2′-F, LNA/BNA, phosphorothioate linkages, terminal caps, labels, and conjugates to improve stability, delivery, and performance.

What types of RNA can be synthesized?

Common RNA formats include single-stranded RNA, duplex RNA, siRNA, guide RNA (gRNA), modified RNA oligonucleotides, labeled RNA probes, and selected mRNA-related constructs depending on project requirements.

What is the difference between siRNA, gRNA, and mRNA?

siRNA is used for gene silencing through RNA interference, gRNA guides CRISPR enzymes for gene editing, and mRNA encodes proteins for expression or therapeutic applications. Each RNA type serves a different biological function and requires different design and modification strategies.

What is custom RNA synthesis used for?

Custom RNA synthesis is used for gene silencing (siRNA), CRISPR gene editing (gRNA), protein expression (mRNA), diagnostics, and therapeutic development. RNA configuration, modification, and purification are selected based on the specific application.

What purification methods are available?

Purification options can include desalting, HPLC, dual HPLC, PAGE, and buffer exchange depending on RNA length, chemistry, purity needs, and application.

What QC is available for custom RNA?

QC can include LC-MS or ESI-MS, analytical HPLC, OD260 quantitation, CoA, lot traceability, and optional RNase, endotoxin, bioburden, residual, or custom testing.

Can RNA synthesis be scaled up?

Yes. RNA synthesis can be scaled depending on sequence, length, modifications, purification, and QC requirements. Feasibility review is recommended for modified, long, or large-scale RNA programs.

How should RNA be stored?

Lyophilized RNA is commonly stored frozen and protected from RNase contamination. In solution, use RNase-free buffer, aliquot when possible, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

What information is needed for a quote?

Useful information includes sequence, RNA type, length, scale, modifications, purification method, QC requirements, buffer or salt form, delivery format, and intended application.

How long does custom RNA synthesis take?

Turnaround time depends on RNA length, modification complexity, purification, and scale. Standard RNA oligos may be completed within days, while modified or large-scale RNA may require longer timelines.

What scale can custom RNA be synthesized at?

RNA synthesis can range from small research-scale quantities (nmol) to milligram and multi-gram production depending on sequence, chemistry, and purification requirements.

More FAQ'sAll FAQ's

How to Order Custom RNA

To request a custom RNA quote, provide your RNA sequence, RNA type, desired scale, modification requirements, purification method, QC expectations, and intended application. If the final configuration is not yet defined, Bio-Synthesis can help review feasibility, modification strategy, purification, and documentation needs.

Order Information to Provide

  1. RNA type: ssRNA, duplex RNA, siRNA, gRNA, modified RNA, probe, or specialty RNA construct.
  2. Sequence and length: final sequence, target length, strand format, duplex needs, or candidate design.
  3. Scale: screening, nmol, mg, gram, or larger development-scale target.
  4. Modifications: sugar, backbone, terminal, label, linker, reactive handle, or conjugate requirements.
  5. Purification: desalt, HPLC, dual HPLC, PAGE, buffer exchange, or custom purification.
  6. QC and documentation: LC-MS, HPLC, OD260, CoA, RNase, endotoxin, bioburden, residuals, or custom documentation.

Design Support Available

If you need help configuring your RNA construct, share your target sequence or application. Candidate review can consider:

  • RNA length and synthesis feasibility
  • Modification placement for stability and function
  • Purification method selection
  • Delivery or conjugation strategy
  • RNase-controlled handling needs
  • QC and documentation requirements
  • Scale-up path for development programs
972-420-8505 (USA) 800-227-0627 (INTL.) info@biosyn.com Contact Us

Why Choose Bio-Synthesis

Trusted by biotech leaders worldwide for over 45+ years of delivering high quality, fast and scalable synthetic biology solutions.

Greetings Researchers,

Please be advised that any information, guidelines, writeups, and oral/video/graphic content on our website are intended solely as general guidelines.
It is the researcher's sole responsibility to conduct thorough research on the designs of the products intended for their experiments before submitting
their designs to Biosynthesis for review of production feasibility.
Thank you for your understanding.

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