Modification by Type

Custom Oligonucleotide Modifications

3,000+ DNA/RNA modification options with expert design help, fast quoting, and ISO/GLP/GMP-aligned workflows. Build exactly what your assay or program needs — fluorescent probes, conjugates, delivery lipids, caps, chelators, and more.

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A Comprehensive Approach to Modified Oligonucleotides

BSI offers one of the broadest portfolios of phosphoramidite-based reagents to support research, diagnostics, sequencing, and therapeutic development. Our Oligonucleotide Modifications Reference Guide helps you choose the right modification—or combination—for your application.

With over 3000 options and growing, we deliver high-quality, custom-modified oligonucleotides backed by expert technical support. If the modification you need is not listed, contact us—our team can provide tailored solutions to meet your specific requirements.

If the modification you need is not listed, please don’t hesitate to contact us—our team is ready to assist with custom solutions tailored to your specific requirements.

Browse key modification families. Each card summarizes what it is and common uses. Click any card to jump to details.

DNA Base Analogs

Natural or non-natural based used to tune binding, report environment, or mimic lesions.

Tune duplex stability, add labels, tolerate polymorphisms in primers/probes, model DNA damage/marks.

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RNA Base Analogs

Modified ribobases (e.g., m6A, Ψ, 2‑thiouridine, fluorescent ribonucleotides).

Epitranscriptomics mapping, RNA stability and translation studies, fluorescent RNA probes.

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Sugar Modifications

Change 2'‑position or ribose ring,LNA/BNA, 2'-OMe/2'-F, GNA, TNA, exotic sugar system

Increase nuclease resistance, raise/lower Tm, control conformation in ASOs/siRNA/diagnostics.

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Backbone Modifications

Alter the phosphate linkage (PS, PS2, methylphosphonate, boranophosphate, PN backbones, PMO/PNA).

Adjust charge and stability, enable RNase‑H compatibility, enhance durability in vivo.

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Terminal Modification (Caps)

5′/3′ phosphorylation, caps, blocking groups, and reactive handles at the ends of oligos.

Enable ligation, prevent extension or degradation, add capture/labeling handles.

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Internal Modifications

Internal base/sugar changes that introduce amines, thiols, azides, alkynes, fluorophores or haptens.

Enable internal fluorophores or haptens, add click handles, introduce cross-linking points, or probe folding and binding.

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RNA Specific Capping

Synthetic 5′ cap analogs (e.g., m7GpppG, ARCA, CleanCap®) added to RNA.

Enhance mRNA stability and translation, reduce immunogenicity, and study cap-binding proteins.

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Conjugation Modifications

Broad chemical attachments (PEG, haptens, dyes, peptides, antibodies, drugs) to DNA/RNA.

Add detection, targeting, or delivery functions; build antibody-oligo, drug-oligo, or nanoparticle conjugates; improve biodistribution.

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Lipid Conjugations

Hydrophobic groups (cholesterol, tocopherol, fatty acids, squalene) covalently linked to oligos.

Improve membrane association and uptake, extend serum half-life, and support nanoparticle assembly.

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Cross‑Linking Bases

Photo/chemical crosslinkers on the base (psoralen, diazirine, aryl‑azide, benzophenone, thio‑U).

Covalent capture of interactions, footprinting, mapping contacts under UV/visible light.

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Hapten‑Tagged/Affinity Ligand

Bases bearing small antigenic tags (biotin, DIG, DNP, FITC, rhodamine).

Affinity capture (streptavidin) or antibody‑based detection in blots, ISH/FISH, ELISAs.

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Enzyme Oligo Conjugates

Bases bearing small antigenic tags (biotin, DIG, DNP, FITC, rhodamine).

Enzyme Oligo Conjugates capture (streptavidin) or antibody‑based detection in blots, ISH/FISH, ELISAs.

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Spacer & Linkers

Abasic spacers, HEG/PEG and alkyl linkers to define distance/flexibility and reduce steric clash.

Optimize FRET, minimize quenching, tune geometry and accessibility for enzymes/targets.

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Dendrimer & Brancher

Trebler/doubler units, dendritic PEG, multivalent scaffolds for payload or barcode display.

Signal amplification, multivalent targeting, barcoded assemblies and scaffolds.

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Cleavable & Non-cleavable Linkers

Disulfide/redox, photo‑ and acid‑labile linkers; non‑cleavable PEG linkers for permanence.

Condition‑triggered release vs. stable attachment, controlled delivery and tracking.

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Fluorescence Dyes

Fluorescent dyes (FAM, Cy dyes, Alexa, ATTO)

qPCR/probes, imaging, FRET pairs, single‑molecule and multiplex detection.

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Fluorescence Bases

Base analogs with intrinsic fluorescence (e.g., 2-aminopurine, pyrrolo-dC, tC, tC°, perylene-dU).

Report on base stacking and environment, serve as FRET donors/acceptors, and monitor conformational changes or hybridization in real time.

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Quenchers

Dark quenchers (BHQ, QSY, Eclipse, Iowa Black) to suppress donor emission.

Non‑emissive or dark quenchers to suppress donor fluorescence until target binding/cleavage.

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Chelators

Metal‑binding groups (DOTA/NOTA/DTPA, NTA/IDA) conjugated to bases or termini.

Radiolabeling (PET/SPECT), lanthanide labeling, metal‑assisted capture and imaging.

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Intercalators

Planar aromatic systems (ethidium, acridines, pyrene/perylene) that insert into duplexes.

Stabilize or probe structure, create MGB effects, tune Tm and signal.

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Halogenated Bases

C5‑halogen on pyrimidines (5‑Br/5‑I dU/dC) and other halo variants.

Photocrosslink/cleavage, crystallography phasing, structure‑function studies.

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Reactive Handlers

Pre-actived oligo for fast, selective bioconjugation.

azide/alkyne (CuAAC), DBCO/BCN (SPAAC), TCO/tetrazine (IEDDA), thiol-maleimide, NHS-ester/amine, and aldehyde-oxime/hydrazone workflows.

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Redox / Electrochemical

Electroactive labels or backbones (methylene blue, ferrocene, borano).

E‑DNA/E‑RNA biosensors, label‑based voltammetry, point‑of‑care diagnostics.

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Small Molecule Functional Tags

Bioactive small molecules to DNA/RNA for display, delivery, sensing and crosslinking

Puromycin, doxorubicin, folic acid, tocopherol and ferrocene.

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Need help choosing the right modification?

Our scientists will recommend the best option to fit your assay, conjugation strategy, or delivery needs — and guide you from design through QC.

FAQ

How do I order modified oligos?

You can request a quote or contact our team for custom synthesis through the contact form below.

What QC methods are available?

We provide HPLC, PAGE, mass spectrometry, and additional QC options depending on your needs.

Do you offer GMP-grade material?

Yes, GMP and GLP-grade oligos are available on request with full documentation and traceability.

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