Fluorophore-labeled peptides are widely used for imaging, receptor binding, internalization studies, and quantitative assays.
Dye selection is guided by excitation/emission, brightness, and experimental compatibility (project-dependent).
| Representative dye classes |
Typical applications |
Notes |
| Fluorescein / rhodamine families |
Microscopy, uptake studies, binding assays (project-dependent) |
Site-defined placement reduces perturbation of peptide function |
| Cyanine dye families (Cy dyes) |
Imaging applications requiring brighter signals (project-dependent) |
Hydrophobicity/charge can affect peptide behavior—spacers may help |